Vietnam continues to attract more and more foreign investors thanks to its open policies, stable business environment, and strong economic growth potential. However, before starting your investment activities in Vietnam, one of the first things you need to consider is the Investment Visa (symbol DT) – a specific type of visa issued to foreign investors and legal representatives of foreign-invested enterprises.

Currently, Vietnam issues four types of Investment Visas: DT1, DT2, DT3, and DT4. Each category corresponds to different investment capital levels and residence benefits. Choosing the right visa type is essential—not only for a smooth investment process but also for ensuring longer stay duration, eligibility for a Temporary Residence Card (TRC), and easier renewal later on.

1. Classification of the Four Investment Visa Types in Vietnam

According to current regulations, Investment Visas are granted to foreign investors or representatives of foreign-invested enterprises in Vietnam. Each visa category corresponds to a specific investment capital threshold:

• DT1 Visa: For investors or enterprises with investment capital of VND 100 billion or more, or those investing in sectors or regions prioritized by the government. This is the highest-level visa, with a maximum validity of up to 5 years.

• DT2 Visa: For investors with capital from VND 50 to under 100 billion, or those investing in encouraged industries. This visa also has a maximum validity of 5 years, with more flexible approval conditions.

• DT3 Visa: For investors contributing from VND 3 to under 50 billion. This is the most common type for small and medium-sized enterprises, with a maximum validity of 3 years.

• DT4 Visa: For investors with capital under VND 3 billion, typically during the startup or initial exploration phase. The visa is valid for up to 12 months and can be renewed once conditions are met.

The type of visa granted is determined entirely by the investment amount recorded on the Investment Registration Certificate (IRC) or the Enterprise Registration Certificate (ERC) (if the applicant is a legal representative).

2. Comparison of Benefits and Validity Periods

Each Investment Visa type offers different residence privileges suited to the investor’s business scale and long-term plans:

• DT1 and DT2: Offer the longest visa and TRC validity — up to 5 years. Ideal for major investors or established enterprises needing long-term residence to manage business operations in Vietnam.

• DT3: Suitable for medium-term investors or SMEs. With a 3-year validity, it allows comfortable residence without frequent renewals.

• DT4: Offers short-term stay (12 months), typically for new projects or legal setup processes. Once the investment capital increases, investors can upgrade to DT3 or DT2 for longer-term privileges.

Additionally, holders of valid investment visas can apply for a corresponding Temporary Residence Card (TRC), enabling long-term residence without the need for frequent visa runs. The TRC’s duration matches the investor’s visa type, ensuring convenience in both business management and daily life in Vietnam.

3. When Should You Upgrade from DT4 to DT2 or DT3?

Many investors start with a DT4 visa due to limited initial capital or newly established companies. However, as the business grows and investment capital increases, upgrading to DT3 or DT2 becomes practical and beneficial.

In essence, this “upgrade” involves adjusting the Investment Registration Certificate (IRC) to reflect the new capital level, then applying for the corresponding visa.

Example:

• A company initially registers VND 2 billion in capital and receives a DT4 visa.

• After one year, the company increases capital to VND 55 billion.
  → The investor now qualifies for a DT2 visa, allowing up to 5 years of residence and a long-term TRC.

Upgrading the visa is especially important for investors planning to stay long-term, manage the company in Vietnam, or sponsor family members under the investor’s dependent visa category.

4. Key Notes When Applying for or Renewing an Investment Visa

• Proof of investment capital is mandatory (such as capital contribution certificates, financial reports, or bank statements).

• Both IRC and ERC must remain valid and up to date.

• Actual investment activities must be maintained — visas may not be renewed if the business is inactive or the capital contribution is incomplete.

• Any changes to capital or legal representatives must be updated in official documents before applying for a new visa.

5. Practical Advice for Foreign Investors

• For new investors or market testing: Choose DT4 for easier entry and initial legal setup.

• For medium to long-term investors (VND 3–50 billion): DT3 is more cost-effective and convenient for long stays.

• For large investors (VND 50 billion and above): Opt for DT2 or DT1 to enjoy up to 5 years of residence, TRC eligibility, and full flexibility in managing business operations.

6. Conclusion

Selecting the right Investment Visa type is a crucial first step to ensure a smooth and compliant investment process in Vietnam. Each visa category — from DT1 to DT4 — offers distinct advantages tailored to different business scales and goals.

If you’re planning to invest in Vietnam or need assistance with capital adjustment, visa issuance, or renewal procedures, contact our experts at Vietnamworkpermit.vn for accurate and professional guidance.

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